People, Not Data

The importance of empathy in Civic Tech.

This is San Francisco’s main Food Stamps office. People call it twelve-thirty-five, as in 1235 Mission Street. The first time I went was on Thursday, February 7th, 2013. I walked past the concrete pillars, through the metal detector with two security guards, past a table of scattered paper forms, and into the main waiting room. It was loud. Voices echoed from speakers on the ceiling and off the linoleum floors. There was one big line leading to one big countertop, called Service Counter B. A tall black man stepped to the front of the line. He hunched forward and leaned his hands on the countertop. A thick, clouded sheet of bullet proof glass separated him from the worker (short for social worker in the world of human services); they spoke through two skinny, conference-style microphones mounted on the glass. He was having trouble hearing. He leaned in and grabbed the mic to flex it upwards, but it wouldn’t go any further. He hunched a bit lower, putting his ear to the glass. Then, after a few more moments, he lowered his knees to the ground, pulled the mic down to his face, and rested his arms along the countertop. He finished the conversation on his knees. So there I was: In San Francisco — one of the greatest and most prosperous cities in our country — watching a man on his knees, struggling to hear through bullet proof glass, trying to access nutrition assistance from our Federal government. Something is drastically wrong This was the beginning of my 2013 Code for America fellowship. Later in February, I visited the Mission Neighborhood Resource Center, one of San Francisco’s four shelter reservation sites. I learned that it can take over 12 hours to access a shelter bed for a single night, that some people prefer streets to shelters, and that clients routinely leave their shelters at 4am just line up for the next night’s bed. The more desperate you are, the earlier you should show up. My teammate also enrolled in Food Stamps. She started getting letters. Lots of letters. They were intimidating: [caption id="attachment_2814" align="alignnone" width="541"] foodstamps4J

WHY ALL THE YELLING?[/caption] They were wordy and confusing: [caption id="attachment_2816" align="alignnone" width="555"]

One. Long. Letter.[/caption] And they were nonsensical: [caption id="attachment_2819" align="alignnone" width="549"] stampfood2J

From $200 to…$200?[/caption] During her 7-month enrollment, she got about 20 letters and her case was nearly terminated 3 times. Scroll through this timeline to take a look for yourself.

We disdain users This is how we interface with our government: We beg on our knees, we queue all night for shelter, and we get aggressive letters in the mail. Our services disdain those they are envisioned to help.

dis·dain verb: consider to be unworthy of one’s consideration.

This disdain shows in huge, controversial, life-changing ways. We take 260 days to get disability benefits to our veterans. We spend $3,000 to room a family for a month while the family begs for $900 in cash instead. And the disdain shows in small, quiet, often unnoticed ways. Try to apply online for free school meals in SF and you’ll find this warning highlighted on the welcome screen:

Please only fill out one application online. If you make any errors you will need to fill out a paper application.

Or download the Calwin iPhone app, the companion application to the ~$750 million client welfare data system in California, and this is what you’ll see: calfresh2J

Yes, the name really is truncated on the home screen It’s disdain all the way down. The challenges with healthcare.gov sparked a long overdue conversation about what’s wrong with Government IT (and thesurrounding critique), but Ezra Klein cuts straight to the core of our disconnect:

…one privilege the insured and well-off have is to excuse the terrible quality of services the government routinely delivers to the poor. Too often, the press ignores — or simply never knows — the pain and trouble of interfacing with government bureaucracies that the poor struggle with daily. That can allow the problems in those bureaucracies to fester. — Ezra Klein

The problem is not the website. It’s the man on his knees at twelve-thirty-five and the disdainful machine that doesn’t help him up. Let’s build with empathy So here we are, struggling against our own disdainful machine. And nobody wants it. The worker doesn’t want clients on their knees. The CalWin developer doesn’t want his work embarrassingly truncated on the home screen. Nobody wants homeless people waiting in line all night. It goes beyond politics. I wish I could end this with a heroic call-to-action. “Are you with me? Do YOU want to fix our broken government?? Click here to donate now!!” But I can’t. My fellowship year clarified more problems than solutions. Instead, I’ll offer a question: How can we build empathetic government services? Well, first things first: User needs. An empathetic service would ground itself in the concrete needs of concrete people. It’s not about innovation, big data, government-as-a-platform, transparency, crowd-funding, open data, or civic tech. It’s about people. Learning to prioritize people and their needs will be a long slog. It’s the kind of change that happens slowly, one person at a time. But we should start. We have so much creativity, so many tools, and so many awesome examples to help us identify, document, describe, and address user needs. But we’re not doing it. I feel awkward and ashamed to know the relative sizes of all 400 Sci-Fi starships, but I barely have a clue how our homeless shelters or prisons work. Amidst the anger and insults of healthcare.gov, Tim O’Reilly reminds us of the immense opportunity:

Rather than bemoaning the problems with healthcare.gov and seeking to find fault and political advantage, now is a great time to seize the moment and commit ourselves to create government services that give all citizens services that are simple, effective, and easy to use. — Tim O’Reilly

So let’s gently but persistently bring our awareness back to users and build an empathetic machine; one that finds the man on his knees and helps him up. This article was first published on Medium by Jake Solomon of Code for America. It was published in 2014 and shows the importance of good service design in public services.