Carmen Raal, International Cyber Security Cooperation Advisor, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications of Estonia

1. How do you use technology/policy to improve citizens’ lives? Tell us about your role or organisation. 

As a newly appointed International Cyber Security Cooperation Advisor, my goal is to promote a united approach to cybersecurity, encouraging countries to share insights, build partnerships, and address cybersecurity challenges collaboratively. 

For example, within the EU, there’s a push for a unified approach to cybersecurity, and my role ensures that Estonia's interests are effectively represented while keeping my colleagues informed of decisions impacting their efforts. While my efforts may not always be directly visible to Estonian citizens, it strengthens the security infrastructure and practices that protects their digital lives and creates a safer, more resilient cyberspace for all. 

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2. What was the most impactful project you worked on this year? 

Since I am new to my current role, it’s a bit early for me to point to specific projects I’ve fully contributed to, as many are still in their early stages. However, one of my goals has been to map out the network of Estonian civil servants working on cybersecurity globally. Cybersecurity is such a cross-cutting issue that it can be challenging to identify all the individuals across various agencies and ministries who are driving cyber cooperation, understand their roles, and find ways to support each other. In small countries like Estonia, collaboration is crucial - we face many of the same challenges as larger nations but with significantly fewer resources, making efficiency and teamwork vital. 

Additionally, being part of EU-level working groups has been an eye-opening experience. Seeing how much effort it takes for all 27 member states to align on shared cybersecurity goals has really highlighted the importance of unity and the power of working together toward common progress. 

3. What was one unexpected learning from 2024? 

If 2024 taught me anything, it’s that while having a plan is essential, adaptability is even more important. Unexpected challenges can arise at any moment, and success often depends on your ability to pivot quickly and stay resilient in the face of change.   

4. What’s a tool or technique you’re excited to explore in 2025? 

This might sound cliché, but I’m genuinely excited to see how AI can further simplify tasks in the public sector. Nothing revolutionary even - just a reliable assistant for the repetitive, time-consuming tasks like drafting memos, organizing information, or putting together presentations more quickly. In my fast-paced working environment, where new assignments often come in with tight deadlines, the idea of offloading these repetitive tasks to AI means I could dedicate more time and energy to strategic initiatives and meaningful problem-solving. 

That said, some might wonder why we haven’t already adopted AI at such a scale. The reason lies in the need for safeguards to ensure these tools are implemented responsibly, securely, and in compliance with public sector standards. 

5. Everybody’s talking about AI today – give us your hot take on AI and what it means for the public sector. 

AI has sparked innovation and a newfound focus on user-centricity in countries that previously lagged in digital public services. However, in the rush to embrace AI, decision-makers often overlook the essential, less flashy foundations required to make this transformation sustainable. For the AI revolution to truly take root in the public sector - albeit much later than in the private sector - it’s critical to address the basics first. For example, ensuring high-quality data, fostering interoperability between systems, and prioritizing the cybersecurity practices of employees. Without these foundational steps, the potential of AI could be undermined by weak infrastructure and overlooked risks. 

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6. What are your priorities for 2025? 

In 2025, I plan to build on my efforts to create a more organized approach to international collaboration. It takes time and patience to bring stakeholders together and move beyond the usual talk of “we should collaborate more.” But I’m determined to keep pushing forward with these efforts. 

Cybersecurity demands strong international cooperation to ensure we can continue enjoying the transformative benefits of digitalization. This remains my daily priority - contributing to a safer global digital environment where meaningful collaboration translates into real progress. 

7. What advice do you have for public sector innovators? 

Building on my previous point, my advice is simple: You may move fast alone, but together, you'll go much further. Collaboration is key in the public sector - innovation thrives when diverse perspectives come together to solve complex challenges. The impact of working as a team is truly powerful and shouldn’t be underestimated. 

8. Who inspires you today? 

Lately, I’ve been truly inspired by the Estonians who, despite facing adversity and limited resources, took on the challenge of building a new, independent Estonia after 1991. They were forward-thinking enough to embrace digitalization as a way to bring transparency, efficiency, and innovation long before it was a global trend. Thanks to their bold vision, I now have the privilege of working in one of the most digitally advanced societies, where I get to contribute to its resilience. These pioneers continue to inspire me every day, driving me to push forward and work toward the shared vision we have for Estonia’s future.